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Vitamin Supplements – Do They Work?

Supplementation of vitamin A in the world is enormous. Most of us now take have taken vitamins or vitamins in the past. The United States occupies a leading position in food supplements in the world. 18.9% of Americans had taken least one dietary supplement in 2004. Over 100 million Americans use supplements of vitamins and minerals each day. The global market has become a multi-billion dollar industry and supplement industry is growing rapidly.

The most common reason for using supplements is "to improve health and well-being. "It is a popular belief that vitamins are antioxidants and therefore we can protect against oxidative stress that causes many health conditions.

The most common supplements were taken:
Multivitamins / Multimineral – 22%;
multivitamins plus vitamin C – 15%;
Vitamin C vitamin as a single – 13%;
supplements and herbal Botany – 7%;
Vitamin E in one vitamin – 6%.

Over the years, reports more and more about the health benefits of vitamin supplements have emerged, ranging from cardiovascular benefits of cancer prevention. This is mainly due to the antioxidant properties of vitamins that can protect us against oxidative stress. Following several studies have been conducted to confirm these reports. Some recent studies are summarized below show results surprising to say the least.

One of the first studies to thoroughly investigate the health effects of supplementation vitamin A was conducted by Danish researchers in 2007. We conducted a meta-analysis combined data from several clinical trials using Supplements of antioxidant vitamin A, vitamin E, beta carotene, vitamin C and selenium used as independent or as supplements to the combination to treat a wide range of health conditions, cardiovascular disease to cancer. Their results were surprising, even disturbing. In Second, no advantage of these "antioxidant supplements" are found. Second, supplementation of vitamins A and E and beta-carotene C (but not vitamins and selenium) actually increased mortality overall. This study has led other researchers to take a second look at the benefits of supplements vitamin.

In a document reviewed more recently, the same researchers conducted another meta-analysis of more data from several trials clinics, this time involving more than 200,000 people are healthy and existing health conditions. The researchers found that studies comparing the effectiveness of antioxidant supplements against placebo in the primary and secondary prevention of various medical conditions. The authors suggest that "found no evidence to support antioxidant supplements for primary or secondary prevention. Vitamin A, beta-carotene and vitamin E may increase mortality. "

Another meta-analysis studied the anticancer properties of antioxidant supplements, particularly cons the gastro-intestinal. We analyzed data from trials studying beta-carotene, vitamins A, C and E and selenium. The authors concluded that "we could not find convincing evidence that antioxidant supplements prevent gastrointestinal cancers."

One developments of the most recent research on dietary supplements long term is the SELECT (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial) Study of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The study evaluated the effectiveness of selenium and vitamin E in preventing prostate cancer and men enrolled 35,000 participants in the United States, Puerto Rico and Canada. Participants were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: group 1 received vitamin E alone, group 2 received the selenium group only 3 had two supplements in combination, and group 4 received placebos only. Five years in the study by the National Cancer Institute decided to stop the trial because some "on" results, namely:

1. The analysis showed lower risk of prostate cancer among men taking the supplements, either alone or together.

2. Men taking vitamin E alone actually had a slightly higher risk of developing prostate cancer.

3. Men who took selenium alone appeared to have a slightly higher risk of developing diabetes.

Another study evaluated effectiveness of folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 combined to reduce the risk of cancer among women. Their results show that acid folate, vitamin B6, and combined vitamin B12 treatment had no significant effect on the overall risk of total cancer or invasive breast cancer among women during the era of folic acid fortification.

A study published in December 2008 assessed whether vitamins C and E and beta-carotene have an effect on cancer risk in general. The data were derived from the antioxidant cardiovascular study involved women 8171 women who were free of cancer at baseline of approximately 9.4 years. The study results showed that "supplementation vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene or does not benefit the overall primary prevention of total cancer incidence or mortality Cancer. "

The Women's Health Initiative Calcium / Vitamin D trial evaluated the effects of vitamin D and calcium on pressure pressure and risk to the risk of hypertension among 36,252 postmenopausal women in good health. Women were divided into 2 groups: one group received a dose daily 1000 mg calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily. The other group received placebo only. The researchers reported that "in postmenopausal women, Calcium and vitamin D3 can be reduced blood pressure or the risk of developing hypertension over 7 years of follow up.

The Physicians' Health Study II evaluated whether vitamin E or vitamin C has cardioprotective properties, which may reduce the risk of disease cardiovascular disease in men. A total of 14,641 U.S. physicians have been recruited into the study, aged 50 and over, and were followed for 8 years. The study results showed that neither vitamin E nor vitamin C reduces the risk of cardiovascular events major. These data provide no support for the use of these supplements in preventing cardiovascular disease in middle age and elderly men. "

This study evaluated whether the anti-oxidants (vitamins E, C and / or beta-carotene), Supplements May Prevent atherosclerosis. The researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 22 trials involving 134,590 people. The researcher concludes that "… Most studies included in this patch is not supported with a possible role of antioxidant supplementation in reducing cardiovascular risk … no definite conclusion can be drawn to justify the use of supplements of antioxidant vitamins for preventing cardiovascular events. "

Acid Folic prescribed for pregnant women to prevent birth defects such as spina bifida. It is also envisaged that folic acid, which reduces levels of homocysteine in the blood, can prevent cardiovascular disease. Homocysteine is an amino acid used as a biomarker for Status of cardiovascular disease. This study investigated whether a combination pill of vitamin folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 (vs. placebo) May reduce cardiovascular risk. It included more than 5,400 American women who have a history of cardiovascular disease or risk profile of disease ccardiovascular moderate to high. After 7.3 years of treatment and monitoring, a combination pill folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 did not reduce test combined total number of cardiovascular events among women at high risk, despite a significant reduction of homocysteine.

While most tests of studies summarized here do not seem to confirm the benefits of vitamin A, there are studies indicating that supplements Vitamin D is useful, even essential. Vitamin D is unique because we can get our need for vitamin D from food alone. However, Vitamin D is synthesized by the body to the skin exposure to sunlight, thus earning the title of "sunshine vitamin." However, since the sun is said skin cancer because people tend to avoid widespread exposure leading to vitamin D

Health experts Americans are convinced of the need for additional vitamin D and, consequently, routinely prescribed vitamin D supplements, even for newborns. Dairy products in the United States are fortified with vitamin D, but not in many parts of the world. Last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its guidelines for vitamin D supplementation to recommend doubling the dose for infants and children from 200 IU to 400 IU per day.

According to a journal article, "The Vitamin D is not only important for calcium metabolism and maintain bone health while throughout life, but also plays an important role in reducing risk of many chronic diseases such as type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, arthritis arthritis, cancer mortality, heart disease and infectious diseases.

In short, the antioxidants in fruits and vegetables were shown to have general health benefits. Unfortunately, except for vitamin D, use of vitamin and mineral supplements does not seem to reproduce the protective effect of natural food products, as evidenced by many different studies summarized here. Worse still, Some studies even suggest that vitamin A may increase the risk of certain health conditions and mortality. Most of the studies cited were long-term randomized placebo-controlled, with thousands of participants. The data presented are therefore very reliable.

The antioxidant supplement pill fits very well in this era of convenience foods and lifestyle on the road. Unfortunately, it looks like a true lifestyle and convenience can go hand. The message that the house is in nutrition, there is no substitute for being natural foods. Nature is always the best source of our nutrition needs.

About the Author

The article Vitamin Supplements – Do They Work? may be found in its entirety with references and links on http://HealthWorldNet.com .



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