elevated prostate numbers

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Need for screening for prostate cancer with a massage!

In 2009, approximately 192,280 new cases of prostate cancer will diagnosed in the United States, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS). Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men after skin cancer and is the second death-causing cancer after lung cancer. Represents about 10% of cancer mortality among men. On the other hand, the prognosis of prostate cancer is very good. This is because prostate cancer is usually slow-growing disease and many of those diagnosed without symptoms.

According to the ACS about 1 in 6 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime, but only 1 man in 35 will die. and for all men with prostate cancer, 5 relative survival rate is almost 100% and 10 relative survival rate is 93%. The 15-year relative survival rate is 79%.

Currently, screening for prostate cancer around the world remains dependent on the PES blood test and digital rectal examination.

1) The blood test PSA is still the state of the art "method of screening for prostate cancer. psa prostate specific antigen stands. It is a substance naturally present in the semen of men, but may also occur in small quantities in the blood. A high PSA in the blood of normal is 4 nanograms per milliliter (ng / mL). High levels of PSA in the blood can indicate an increased number of cancer cells. However, can not, therefore, the ratio of the PSA test remains controversial.

(2) is performed digital rectal examination (DRE) by inserting a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for lumps or other abnormalities that may indicate cancer in May This is possible because the prostate gland is in front of the rectum. However, some patients may consider a rectal examination uncomfortable and invasive. It is also less sensitive than the PSA.

Unfortunately, providing accurate initial diagnosis of prostate cancer is not easy because of the nature of the disease and limitations of current screening methods.

(1) states that neither the AEC test PSA or digital rectal examination is 100% accurate. Abnormal results of these tests do not always mean cancer is present, and normal results do not mean still no cancer. According to the ACS test results uncertain or wrong can cause confusion and anxiety. Some men mai une prostate biopsy (which carries its own risks small, with an embarrassment) when cancer is not present, while others may get a false sense Safety test results normal when cancer is present. "

(2) In addition to complicate things, there are several factors and conditions can affect PSA levels, including: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – a non-cancerous enlargement that occurs with age in May increase levels of PSA, age – levels of PSA also tend to move slowly as they age, prostatitis – an infection or inflammation of the prostate gland can increase levels of PSA, May ejaculation cause PSA to go for a short period, then down, drugs, including mixtures of plants can interfere with PSA measurements and obesity tend to have PSA levels.

(3) Early in 2009, has published two major studies on the risks and benefits of PSA testing in The New England Journal of Medicine. Unfortunately, instead of solving the issue the PSA, once and for all, both studies actually produced somewhat contradictory results.

In the U.S. study by the PSA, the researchers followed 76,693 men for 7 to 10 years who made a PSA test or digital rectal examination and compared the cancer mortality prostate. The study results showed that "the mortality rate for prostate cancer is very low and did not differ significantly between the two groups. "

In the European study on the PSA, the researchers followed approximately 182,000 men who either had or not the test of PSA and PSA compared the mortality rates. The study results showed that "the PSA-screening has reduced mortality by prostate cancer by 20% but was associated with an increased risk of overdiagnosis.

Although tests can detect cancer early, which can not determine whether the cancer will prove to rapid growth and aggressive or slow growing and benign. For patients and care providers health so that lack of clarity in the results of evidence creates a dilemma: to treat cancer before it spreads beyond or do nothing but practice what is called "watchful waiting" or "conduct pregnant" with public service announcements biopsy and final series. Because of the shortcomings of the PSA test tends to be a treatment that creates an overdiagnosis excessive – too invasive biopsies and blood tests as standard consumes valuable medical resources and productivity.

Other tests have been developed, but because of limitations did not replace conventional tests.

(1) transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) uses ultrasound technology Watch for the prostate gland by inserting a small electron probe in the rectum. However, transrectal ultrasound is generally not used as a screening test for prostate cancer routinely because of its low power detection can be an early cancer. However, the ETR is a useful method used in conjunction with a prostate biopsy. Helps guide the biopsy needle in the right area of the prostate.

(2) Analysis of urine for prostate cancer. A recent study has identified a molecule in the urine can be used as a marker of disease among patients with prostate cancer. The molecule has been identified as sarcosine "a derivative of glycine, an amino acid. However, the technique is still used primarily for the staging of prostate cancer.

And to make matters worse if it is accompanied by a positive biopsy, it is likely that doctors recommend treatment usually involves surgical removal of the gland, called prostatectomy. Unfortunately, this classical treatment invasive can have side effects: interference with sexual function and urinary psychological distress and decreased quality of life.

However, the positive side, until better methods of detecting prostate cancer, treatment of several emerging trends emerged.

(1) Interventional cryoablation. Cryoablation is the male equivalent of a lumpectomy, as in breast cancer, which means the location of the tumor and its destruction by frost. Interventional radiologists insert a tube through the skin using pictures to guide the needle in the tumor, the probe then circulates extremely cold gas to freeze and destroy cancerous tissue. This minimally invasive treatment that does the type of cancer itself, normal tissues in and around the prostate gland rather than to destroy, as traditional approaches do.

(2) cancer vaccines. These modifiers biological response work by stimulating or restoring the immune system's ability to fight infection and disease. There are two main types of vaccines against cancer, preventive vaccines, which are intended to prevent cancer from developing in healthy people and immunizations treatment, which are intended to treat existing cancers by strengthening the body's natural defenses against cancer. There is currently no cancer vaccine has been approved for Cancer of the prostate, but there are several drugs in development.

Researchers at the Roger Williams Medical Center Providence, Rhode Island are developing "designer immune cells" to treat prostate cancer. They took the T cells of patients and recognition of engineering genetic prostate specific antigen or PSMA membrane found in the outer membrane of prostate cells. The biologic drugs is currently Phase I.

The therapeutic vaccine Provenge, made by Dendreon, shows much promise. Recent results of a Phase III trial showed that men with advanced cancer of the prostate had an average of 4 months longer than men who did not. However, while the drug expectancy life span of patients, slows the progression of the disease.

Another PROSTVAC-VF vaccine is composed of a virus that was genetically amended to include the prostate specific antigen (PSA). The patient's immune system must respond to the virus and begin to recognize and destroy cancer cells containing APS.

In the interest of further studies on the effect of supplementation vitamin A in prostate cancer has produced disappointing results and had to be interrupted prematurely. The National Cancer Institute study SELECT examined whether supplementation with vitamin E, selenium, or a combination of both can reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Unfortunately, the results after five years, revealed the opposite. In fact, study participants who took vitamin I really had a risk slightly more likely to develop cancer of the prostate, while those taking selenium alone appeared to have a slightly higher risk of developing Diabetes.

Currently, no major scientific or medical organization, including the American Cancer Society (ACS), the American Urological Association (AUA), U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), the American College of Physicians (ACP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) and the American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) support routine screening for prostate cancer.

However, the PSA test remains the gold standard for detecting prostate cancer and on the positive side, the PSA test is unreliable and it stimulates the search for better techniques management, particularly in the non-invasive. Caregivers should talk openly with their patients about the benefits, risks and uncertainties of cancer screening prostate for men to be "weighing his options" and make "hard decisions" about this import.

During this time, screening for prostate cancer continues to need a massage!

About the Author

The article ‘Prostate Cancer Screening Needs a Massage’ may be found in its entirety on http://HealthWorldNet.com



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Prostate Fix-Up, Prostatitis, BPH

Filed under: Prostate

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